Normalization of deviance: Hidden risks in project management

Normalization of deviance refers to the gradual acceptance of minor deviations from established standards within organizations, which can ultimately lead to significant risks and vulnerabilities. What may initially seem insignificant often becomes routine, thereby jeopardizing project outcomes, safety, and overall organizational effectiveness. This paper explores the psychological, organizational, and cultural factors that contribute to normalization of deviance, provides practical implications for project management, and examines advanced yet practical strategies for mitigation, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence (AI). It also considers ethical implications, implementation challenges, and outlines recommendations for future research, equipping project managers with comprehensive insights and actionable strategies to address normalization of deviance proactively.